What are science-based targets (SBTi) in fashion?
Science-based targets are corporate emission reduction goals aligned with climate science, validated by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi).
In short
Science-based targets are greenhouse gas reduction targets that are consistent with what climate science says is needed to limit global warming. The Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) provides the criteria and validates company targets, and many fashion brands and retailers use it to show their climate goals are credible.
How does it work in practice?
A company calculates its baseline emissions across Scope 1, 2 and 3, sets reduction targets according to SBTi criteria and submits them for validation. Once approved, it reports progress publicly.
- Near-term targets: reductions over a shorter horizon.
- Long-term targets: deep reductions towards net zero.
- Scope 3 coverage: required when value chain emissions are significant, which is typical in fashion.
- Supplier engagement: some targets focus on suppliers setting their own targets.
Why does it matter for fashion businesses?
Validated targets carry more credibility with investors, customers and retail partners than self-declared goals. For suppliers, a customer's science-based target often translates into requests for energy data, renewable electricity and efficiency projects. Brands that wholesale through large retailers may also be asked about their own targets.
How is AI changing it?
AI supports target tracking by improving data collection from suppliers, modelling decarbonisation pathways and estimating the impact of levers such as material switches or renewable energy at factories. Scenario tools show which combination of measures can close the gap to the target.
Common pitfalls
Setting targets without a funded plan, relying on spend-based Scope 3 data that cannot show supplier improvements, and expecting suppliers to carry the full cost of decarbonisation are frequent problems. Growth in volumes can also cancel out efficiency gains, so targets should be considered in assortment and buying decisions. Regular reviews against the target pathway help teams spot gaps early.
Frequently asked questions
What does SBTi stand for?
SBTi stands for the Science Based Targets initiative, which sets criteria for corporate climate targets and validates targets submitted by companies.
Do science-based targets have to include Scope 3?
When value chain emissions make up a significant share of a company's footprint, as is usually the case in fashion, Scope 3 targets are expected.